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Supreme Court Larger Bench Rule: When a 3-Judge Bench Recalls a 2-Judge Bench – India’s Unresolved Doctrine on Co-Equal Bench Powers
Introduction Few questions in Indian constitutional procedure are as persistently contested yet practically consequential as this: what exactly can a bench of three judges do to a
Ad Hoc Judges Under Article 224A: Can the Collegium Appoint Retired Judges Without Bar Council Consent?
Introduction On 3 February 2026, the Supreme Court Collegium took a step that few had anticipated after decades of legislative dormancy — it approved the appointment of five reti
High Court Must Independently Apply Its Mind on SC/ST Act Charges in Appeal Under Section 14A: Supreme Court Emphasizes Active Appellate Scrutiny
Introduction The appellate jurisdiction of High Courts under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, has been a subject of evolving jurispru
Supreme Court Clarifies: Payment of Gratuity Act Does Not Apply to Central Government Employees under CCS Pension Rules
Introduction The question of which statutory regime governs the payment of gratuity to government employees has been a recurring source of litigation in India. In a significant rul
Private Complaints Against Corporate Fraud: The SFIO Mandate Under Companies Act 2013
Introduction Corporate fraud has emerged as one of the most challenging dimensions of white-collar crime in contemporary India, eroding investor confidence and undermining the inte
Government Institution Education Does Not Guarantee Government Jobs: Supreme Court on Legitimate Expectation in Government Jobs
Introduction The Supreme Court of India recently delivered a significant judgment that clarifies the boundaries between education in government institutions and entitlement to publ
Heavy Earth Moving Machinery Not Subject to Road Tax When Used Exclusively Within Factory Premises: Supreme Court Analysis
Introduction In a landmark judgment delivered on January 8, 2026, the Supreme Court of India in Ultratech Cement Limited vs. State of Gujarat clarified a longstanding debate on the
Preventive Detention Cannot Override Bail: Supreme Court’s Landmark Ruling on Public Order Requirement
Introduction The Supreme Court of India recently delivered a significant judgment reaffirming that preventive detention laws cannot be used as instruments to bypass bail orders gra
Supreme Court Ruling on Contract Labour: Workers Hired Through Contractors Cannot Claim Equal Status as Regular Employees
Introduction The Supreme Court of India has recently reaffirmed a crucial principle governing employer-employee relatioships in the context of contract labour. The court’s de
The Algorithmic Accountability Paradox under India’s DPDP Act, 2023: Regulating Significant Data Fiduciaries
Introduction The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 represents India’s first attempt at creating a statutory framework for digital data protection, coming into force
