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The Algorithmic Accountability Paradox under India’s DPDP Act, 2023: Regulating Significant Data Fiduciaries
Introduction The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 represents India’s first attempt at creating a statutory framework for digital data protection, coming into force
Legality of Virtual Digital Assets in India: Private Key & Seed Phrase Extraction
Introduction India’s engagement with Virtual Digital Assets has undergone a remarkable transformation. From the Reserve Bank of India’s attempted prohibition in 2018 to
Cloud Data Access During Income Tax Surveys in India: Legal Framework & Jurisdictional Challenges”
Introduction The digital transformation has fundamentally altered regulatory compliance and enforcement mechanisms in India. As organizations migrate to cloud-based infrastructure,
Evidentiary Weight of Retracted Statements in Surveys vs. Searches: The 2025 Judicial Framework
The evidentiary value of retracted statements has emerged as a critical issue in Indian jurisprudence, particularly in the context of tax proceedings, criminal investigations, and
The Conversion Doctrine: Legal Validity of Converting a Section 133A Survey into a Section 132 Search under the Income Tax Act
Introduction The Indian tax administration system operates through distinct investigative mechanisms designed to detect and prevent tax evasion. Among these, the Income Tax Act, 19
Retrenchment and Lay-off: Prior Government Permission Now Required for Units with 300+ Workers
Introduction India’s labour landscape has witnessed significant transformation in recent years, particularly concerning the statutory requirements for workforce reduction and
Trade Union Recognition: Single Negotiating Union Concept under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020
Introduction The framework of industrial relations in India stands at a transformative juncture with the introduction of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, which brings forth the
Standing Orders Under Industrial Relations Code 2020: Applicability Threshold Raised to 300 Workers
Introduction The introduction of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, which came into effect on November 21, 2025, marks a watershed moment in Indian labour law reform through its
Strikes and Lockouts under Industrial Relations Code 2020: New Notice Requirements and Restrictions
Introduction Industrial relations in India have undergone significant transformation with the enactment of the Industrial Relations Code 2020, which introduces new restrictions and
Universal Minimum Wage: Understanding Floor Wage vs. Minimum Wage Under the Code on Wages, 2019
Introduction The Code on Wages, 2019 represents a watershed moment in India’s labour law reform, consolidating four separate legislations into a unified framework that extend
