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Vacating an Ex-Parte Injunction in India: The Duty of Candour and Order XXXIX Rule 4
Introduction An ex-parte injunction is an extraordinary order: it restrains a party who has not been heard, on the strength of one side’s untested account. Precisely because
Switch Bill of Lading: The Shipper’s Right of Disposal and the Rights of the Named Consignee
Introduction “Switching” a bill of lading — replacing an issued set with a new one that names a different consignee or a different port of discharge — is a routine
Straight Bills of Lading and the Presentation Rule in India: The Bills of Lading Act, 2025 and The Rafaela S
Introduction Who is entitled to delivery of sea-carried goods — the buyer who paid, or the party holding the original bill of lading? When a bill names a specific consignee and i
Admiralty Jurisdiction Over Cargo in India: In Rem, In Personam, and the Limits of the Admiralty Act, 2017
Introduction Disputes over sea-carried cargo frequently arrive at an Indian High Court dressed in admiralty robes — an “admiralty suit,” an urgent injunction, a praye
Doctrine Of Promissory Estoppel In Administrative And Fiscal Law: A Critical Evaluation Of State Of Himachal Pradesh v. M/s Kundlas Loh Udyog (2026 INSC 534)
I. Introduction And Jurisprudential Context The intersection of administrative law, fiscal policy, and equitable doctrines represents one of the most complex domains of modern juri
The War Powers Resolution Collapse: How the “Termination Doctrine” Redefines Presidential War Authority
Abstract On 1 May 2026 — sixty days after the formal Section 4(a)(1) notification of 2 March 2026 — the statutory deadline imposed by the War Powers Resolution of 1973 expired.
Section 21(5) NIA Act: Is the 90-Day Appeal Limitation Period Absolute? Delay & Sealed Cover Explained
Introduction An accused person in a terrorism case finally learns that the Special Court has granted an extension of custody—past the 90-day default bail threshold—based on a P
UAPA Default Bail: When 180-Day Extension Under Section 43D(2)(b) Becomes Invalid
Introduction In the ordinary criminal justice system, the investigating agency has 60 or 90 days to file a charge-sheet before the accused earns the right to default bail. Under th
What Happens After Arrest in India? A Simple Guide to Remand, Custody, and Default Bail
Introduction When a person is arrested in India, a countdown begins. Most people — and even many families of those arrested — have no idea that the law places strict time limit
Section 69 Re-Export and Customs Detention: Demurrage & Detention Waiver Overlap Explained
Introduction The most complex scenario in Indian customs law involving warehoused goods, demurrage, and detention arises when all of the following converge simultaneously: (a) an i
