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Section 21(5) NIA Act: Is the 90-Day Appeal Limitation Period Absolute? Delay & Sealed Cover Explained
Introduction An accused person in a terrorism case finally learns that the Special Court has granted an extension of custody—past the 90-day default bail threshold—based on a P
UAPA Default Bail: When 180-Day Extension Under Section 43D(2)(b) Becomes Invalid
Introduction In the ordinary criminal justice system, the investigating agency has 60 or 90 days to file a charge-sheet before the accused earns the right to default bail. Under th
What Happens After Arrest in India? A Simple Guide to Remand, Custody, and Default Bail
Introduction When a person is arrested in India, a countdown begins. Most people — and even many families of those arrested — have no idea that the law places strict time limit
The Drug Inspector as the Sole Prosecution Authority: Why Police Cannot File FIRs Under Chapter IV of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
ABSTRACT The Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Union of India v. Ashok Kumar Sharma, (2021) 12 SCC 674 settled a long-contested question: police officers cannot register FIR
The Mandatory Procedure for a Drug Inspector’s Complaint Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
ABSTRACT The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 establishes a unique prosecution architecture: criminal proceedings for quality offences can be initiated only through a complaint, not t
DCC Prosecution Guidelines Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940: An Ultra Vires Analysis
ABSTRACT The Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC), constituted under Section 7 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, periodically issues guidelines classifying drug quality defects i
The 90-Day Appeal Limitation Under Section 21(5) of the NIA Act: Judicial Divergence, Constitutional Stakes, and Pending Supreme Court Resolution
Abstract Section 21(5) of the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 (NIA Act) imposes a 30-day primary limitation period for filing appeal from Special Courts to the High Court,
Special Appeal Provisions in the NIA Act and SC/ST Act: Legislative History, Statutory Architecture, and Landmark Jurisprudence
1. Introduction: Two Provisions, One Common Logic Indian criminal procedure rests on a settled appellate hierarchy. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 — and its
Special Courts and Appeals in Criminal Law in India: A Complete Guide
Abstract India’s criminal justice system operates on a layered appellate hierarchy under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 and its predecessor, the Code of
Section 35 BNSS: Police Arrest Without Warrant, Notice Rule & Arnesh Kumar Guidelines (2026)
Abstract The power to arrest a citizen without a warrant is among the most potent — and most susceptible to abuse — instruments of the criminal justice machinery. For decades,
