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Interpretation of Section 498-A IPC by the Supreme Court
Introduction The insertion of Section 498-A into the Indian Penal Code through the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act of 1983 marked a watershed moment in Indian criminal jurispru
IPC Sections 34, 149, 109, 120B → BNS: Joint Criminal Liability Mapped
A Comprehensive Recapitulation of Collective Criminal Liability in Indian Penal Code Introduction The Indian Penal Code, 1860 establishes the foundational framework for criminal la
Section 120B IPC / Section 61 BNS: Criminal Conspiracy vs. Abetment
Introduction to Sections 109 and 120B of the IPC The Indian Penal Code, 1860, remains one of the most comprehensive criminal law statutes in the world, providing a detailed framewo
IPC Section 149 / BNS Section 191: Vicarious Liability in Unlawful Assembly
Introduction Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, stands as one of the most significant provisions in the realm of criminal law, establishing the doctrine of vicarious liabi
Section 34 IPC / Section 3(5) BNS: Common Intention in Group Crimes
A Legal Analysis of Joint Liability and Common Intention Under Indian Penal Code Introduction The Indian Penal Code of 1860 remains one of the most significant legislative accompli
Joint Liability Under BNS Sections 3(5), 49 & 191 (Formerly IPC 34, 107, 149)
Introduction The Indian Penal Code, 1860 establishes a framework for criminal liability that recognizes both individual culpability and collective responsibility. The doctrine of j
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT): Indian Framework & Process
Introduction In an increasingly interconnected world where criminal activities frequently transcend national boundaries, the need for robust mechanisms enabling international coope
WhatsApp Chats as Evidence in Indian Courts: Legal Framework and Judicial Interpretation
An In-depth Analysis of the Judicial Interpretation of Electronic Evidence under Section 65B of the Evidence Act Introduction The digital revolution has fundamentally transf
Right to Privacy in Indian Criminal Proceedings: Puttaswamy and After
The Supreme Court’s Reaffirmation of Individual Liberties Amidst Legal Controversies Introduction The intersection of privacy rights and criminal justice represents one of the mo
Section 498A IPC / BNS Section 86: Cruelty by Husband — Defences & SC Rulings
Introduction Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code stands as one of the most debated provisions in Indian matrimonial law. Introduced through the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Ac
