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Section 69 of the Customs Act, 1962: Re-Exporting Warehoused Goods Without Paying Import Duty
Introduction Section 69 of the Customs Act, 1962 is one of the most important but least understood provisions in Indian customs law. It enables an importer to re-export goods that
Bonded Warehousing Under the Customs Act, 1962
A Complete Guide to Sections 57, 58, 58A, 59 and the Warehousing Regime Introduction India’s customs law provides importers with a powerful facility: the ability to store imp
What Happens When Your Goods Arrive at an Indian Port? Demurrage and Detention Charges in India Explained
Introduction Every year, millions of consignments arrive at India’s seaports, airports, and inland container depots. For most importers — especially those new to internatio
Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 to 2025: Compounding Rules, Decriminalisation & Enforcement Shift in India
ABSTRACT The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 was enacted with a clearly deterrent purpose: to protect the Indian public from substandard and spurious drugs by imposing criminal liabi
CDSCO’s Dual Role as Regulator and Prosecutor: Structural Conflict of Interest and Reform Proposals
ABSTRACT The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) occupies an unusual institutional position in India’s regulatory landscape: it is simultaneously the authorit
Strict Liability Offences Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940: Are India’s Courts Adequately Enforcing Them?
ABSTRACT The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 creates strict liability offences for the manufacture and sale of not-of-standard-quality (NSQ) drugs. Parliament deliberately excluded t
Section 33P of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act: India’s Unused Instrument for Uniform Drug Law Enforcement
ABSTRACT Section 33P of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 empowers the Central Government to give binding directions to State Governments for carrying into execution any provision
The Drug Inspector as the Sole Prosecution Authority: Why Police Cannot File FIRs Under Chapter IV of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
ABSTRACT The Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Union of India v. Ashok Kumar Sharma, (2021) 12 SCC 674 settled a long-contested question: police officers cannot register FIR
The Binding Nature of Administrative Instructions in India: A Unified Doctrinal Framework
ABSTRACT Indian governance is increasingly conducted through instructions, circulars, guidelines, and policy documents that are not enacted as formal legislation but profoundly sha
Compounding of Offences Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act: The 2025 Rules and Their Interface with Prosecution
ABSTRACT The Drugs and Cosmetics (Compounding of Offences) Rules, 2025, notified on April 24, 2025 under Sections 32B and 33(2)(r) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, represent a
