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Joint Liability Under BNS Sections 3(5), 49 & 191 (Formerly IPC 34, 107, 149)
Introduction The Indian Penal Code, 1860 establishes a framework for criminal liability that recognizes both individual culpability and collective responsibility. The doctrine of j
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT): Indian Framework & Process
Introduction In an increasingly interconnected world where criminal activities frequently transcend national boundaries, the need for robust mechanisms enabling international coope
WhatsApp Chats as Evidence in Indian Courts: Legal Framework and Judicial Interpretation
An In-depth Analysis of the Judicial Interpretation of Electronic Evidence under Section 65B of the Evidence Act Introduction The digital revolution has fundamentally transf
Right to Privacy in Indian Criminal Proceedings: Puttaswamy and After
The Supreme Court’s Reaffirmation of Individual Liberties Amidst Legal Controversies Introduction The intersection of privacy rights and criminal justice represents one of the mo
Section 498A IPC / BNS Section 86: Cruelty by Husband — Defences & SC Rulings
Introduction Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code stands as one of the most debated provisions in Indian matrimonial law. Introduced through the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Ac
Supreme Court Ruling on Enforcement Directorate Powers: Restricting Arrests After Cognizance Under PMLA
Introduction The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 remains one of India’s most stringent legislative instruments designed to combat financial crimes and money launderi
Fugitive Economic Offenders Act 2018: Declaration & Property Confiscation
Introduction India’s economic landscape has witnessed unprecedented growth over the past decades, but this expansion has been accompanied by a darker reality: high-value econ
Panchnama Format & Legal Validity: Defence Lawyer’s Guide (BNSS)
Introduction to Panchnama’s Pivotal Role In the intricate tapestry of India’s criminal justice system, the Panchnama emerges as a vital instrument, meticulously documenting the
Examination of Witnesses: BSA 2023 vs Indian Evidence Act 1872
Introduction The examination of witnesses constitutes the cornerstone of the adversarial justice system in India, serving as the primary mechanism for establishing facts and ascert
Arnesh Kumar Guidelines: Section 41 CrPC (BNSS 35) Arrest Rules
Case Analysis: [Arnesh Kumar Guidelines] No Contempt Action Against Police Officer Arresting Without Warrant, If Proper Explanation Given To Magistrate: Gujarat HC Introduction The
