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Supreme Court Issued SOP Mandates 5-Page Cap on Written Submissions: Balancing Judicial Efficiency and the Right to Be Heard
Introduction On December 29, 2025, the Supreme Court of India issued Circular No. F. No. 29/Judl./2025 introducing a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) governing the timelines for
India’s 2026 IT Rules Amendment: The World’s First Binding Synthetic Content Provenance Mandate
Introduction On 10 February 2026, India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (“MeitY”) notified the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digita
Supreme Court Larger Bench Rule: When a 3-Judge Bench Recalls a 2-Judge Bench – India’s Unresolved Doctrine on Co-Equal Bench Powers
Introduction Few questions in Indian constitutional procedure are as persistently contested yet practically consequential as this: what exactly can a bench of three judges do to a
Ad Hoc Judges Under Article 224A: Can the Collegium Appoint Retired Judges Without Bar Council Consent?
Introduction On 3 February 2026, the Supreme Court Collegium took a step that few had anticipated after decades of legislative dormancy — it approved the appointment of five reti
High Court Must Independently Apply Its Mind on SC/ST Act Charges in Appeal Under Section 14A: Supreme Court Emphasizes Active Appellate Scrutiny
Introduction The appellate jurisdiction of High Courts under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, has been a subject of evolving jurispru
Supreme Court Clarifies: Payment of Gratuity Act Does Not Apply to Central Government Employees under CCS Pension Rules
Introduction The question of which statutory regime governs the payment of gratuity to government employees has been a recurring source of litigation in India. In a significant rul
Jurisdictional Conundrum: Can a Civil Judge (Senior Division) Acting as a Commercial Court Hear Trademark Passing Off Suits?
Introduction The intersection of commercial law and intellectual property rights in India has created a complex landscape that continues to evolve through judicial interpretation.
Limits of Judicial Review in Examination Matters: Supreme Court Holds High Courts Cannot Act as Super-Examiners
Introduction The delicate balance between judicial review and administrative expertise has long been a subject of intense jurisprudential debate in India. This balance becomes part
Judicial Doctrines and Statutory Mandates: A Comprehensive Analysis of Section 40(a)(ia) Disallowance for Netting Off Interest
Executive Summary The intersection of financial accounting standards and tax statutory compliance often presents complex interpretive challenges. A prominent area of contention ari
Unexplained Cash Credits (Section 68): Judicial Shift on Documentary Sufficiency for Unsecured Loans (2023–2025)
1. Introduction: The Doctrinal Shift in Unexplained Cash Credits under Section 68 The adjudication of unexplained cash credits under Section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, has und
