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How to File a Civil Suit in Gujarat: Step by Step
A civil suit in Gujarat is a legal remedy for enforcing private rights, including recovery of money, possession of property, declaration of title, specific performance of a contrac
Chain-of-Custody Defences in NDPS Trials
An NDPS prosecution ultimately depends on proving that the substance analysed by the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) and identified as a narcotic drug is the same substance that
NDPS Appeal against Conviction: Process and Timeline
A conviction under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) in a commercial quantity case can result in a mandatory minimum sentence. An NDPS appeal agai
Conscious Possession under the NDPS Act Explained
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) punishes the unlawful possession of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. However, possession under the ND
Is Anticipatory Bail Possible in NDPS Cases?
Anticipatory bail is available in NDPS matters. There is no provision in the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 that excludes it. But that answer requires immedia
Role of the FSL Report in NDPS Cases
In most criminal trials, a forensic report is one piece of evidence among many. In an NDPS case, however, the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) report can be central to proving the
Section 50 NDPS: Search and Seizure Rights of the Accused
Section 50 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) confers one of the most litigated rights in Indian criminal law. It is a short provision, and non-
Punishment under the NDPS Act by Quantity
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) does not prescribe the same punishment for every drug offence. Since the 2001 amendment, punishment under the ND
How to Get Bail in a Commercial-Quantity NDPS Case
Bail in a commercial-quantity case under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) is among the hardest applications in Indian criminal practice. Section
Small vs Commercial Quantity under the NDPS Act
In an NDPS case, one of the most important questions is whether the seized substance falls under small quantity, intermediate quantity, or commercial quantity under the NDPS Act. T
