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X v. State of Rajasthan and Tapas Kumar v. State of Chhattisgarh: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bail in Serious Offences
Introduction The Supreme Court of India, through its benches led by Justice J.B. Pardiwala and Justice R. Mahadevan, has issued two landmark judgments that fundamentally reshape th
Abetment of Suicide (BNS 108): Matrimonial Discord Defence
Introduction The Allahabad High Court recently delivered a significant judgment that addresses the complex intersection of matrimonial disputes and allegations of abetment to suici
T T Antony vs State of Kerala: Second FIR Doctrine & Exceptions Explained
Introduction The T.T. Antony v. State of Kerala judgment established the fundamental principle that a second FIR regarding the same incident is generally impermissible. However, ju
Supreme Court on Suspension of Sentence: Pendency of Another Trial Not Grounds to Deny Suspension
Introduction On October 4, 2024, the Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark ruling emphasizing the fundamental rights of accused persons under the Indian legal system. The Sup
Punjab and Haryana High Court Acquits Man Accused of Rape on false Promise of Marriage
Introduction The Punjab and Haryana High Court recently acquitted a man committing of rape of a woman under the false promise of marriage. The court ruled that the failure to fulfi
IPC Sections 34, 149, 109, 120B → BNS: Joint Criminal Liability Mapped
A Comprehensive Recapitulation of Collective Criminal Liability in Indian Penal Code Introduction The Indian Penal Code, 1860 establishes the foundational framework for criminal la
Section 53A CrPC Medical Examination of Rape Accused (BNSS 51)
Introduction Section 53A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 represents one of the most significant procedural safeguards introduced in Indian criminal jurisprude
NDPS Bail: Intermediate Quantity Rules vs Small/Commercial (Section 37)
Introduction The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act) stands as one of the most stringent pieces of legislation in India’s criminal justice syste
Modifying Bail Conditions Under BNSS: Procedure, Grounds, Recent Rulings
Introduction The fundamental right to life and personal liberty enshrined in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution stands as a cornerstone of individual freedom within the democrat
Section 437 CrPC (BNSS 480) Bail: When Bailable and Non-Bailable
Introduction The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (“CrPC”) represents the cornerstone of India’s criminal justice system, establishing the procedural framework wi
