Introduction 

The core issue in this case revolves around need for ethical and professional conduct within the legal profession, specifically concerning the rights and duties of advocates in relation to their clients. The judgement delves into whether an advocate can retain case files if their fees are not paid, and what remedies are available to both the advocate and the client in such situations. 

Controversy

The case revolves around a dispute between an advocate and his former clients concerning the payment of professional fees and expenses. The Special Land Acquisition Officer acquired the lands of the original claimants and awarded them compensation. Unsatisfied with the compensation, they engaged the petitioner as their advocate for the reference proceedings. The Reference Court later enhanced the compensation. However, the original claimants engaged a new lawyer for the payment withdrawal process, leading the petitioner to file an objection. The petitioner contends that he had an agreement with the original claimants to be paid from the awarded compensation and that they cannot engage a new advocate without settling his fees and expenses.

Legal Issues Involved

The legal issues in this case primarily concern the professional ethics and duties of advocates under the Advocates Act, 1961. Specifically, the case delves into:

• Whether an advocate can retain case files if their fees are not paid
• The validity and enforceability of a Vakalatnama, especially in the context of payment proceedings
• The ethical considerations under Rule 20 of Part (VI), Chapter II, Section II of the Standard of Professional Conduct and Etiquette, which prohibits an advocate from stipulating for a fee contingent on the results of litigation

Arguments by Applicant

• Applicant argued that the learned Court below has failed to read the provisions of law and the principle of fraternity correctly.
• The order passed was contended by the Applicant, as is in violation of Order 3 Rule 4(2) of the CPC.
• If the original claimants wanted to engage a new advocate, they must obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the petitioner, whose Vakalatnama is still in effect.
• The act of filing a new Vakalatnama without obtaining an NOC is termed as a predatory approach and is destructive to the principle of fraternity.

Prayer of the Applicant

The petitioner prays for the court to allow the petition, set aside the impugned order, and grant the relief claimed in the petition. The petitioner contends that his Vakalatnama should continue to be in force and that the original claimants cannot engage a new lawyer for the payment withdrawal process without obtaining a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from him.

Submission by Opposition

• Opposition argued that the petitioner can file a civil suit for recovery of his professional fees if not paid but cannot insist that his Vakalatnama should continue forever.
• No documentary evidence supports the petitioner’s claim of expenses made for the original claimants.
• No rule prohibits the original claimants from engaging a fresh/new advocate.

Important Observations of the Court

The court made several observations that are crucial to the case:

• An advocate can pursue remedies to recover legitimate fees even if there’s no lien on the client’s case documents. However, when discharged, the client has a right to the case files, especially if further legal actions are pending. This client right aligns with the advocate’s professional duty.

“Even if there is no lien on the litigation papers of his client an advocate is not without remedies to realise the fee which he is legitimately entitled to. But if he has a duty to return the files to his client on being discharged the litigant too has a right to have the files returned to him, more so when the remaining part of the lis has to be fought in the Court. This right of the litigant is to be read as the corresponding counterpart of the professional duty of the advocate.” (Para 11, Page 13)

• The legal profession is a crucial part of the justice system, playing a vital role in upholding the rule of law. Its significance lies in providing access to justice and helping citizens secure their fundamental rights.

“Undoubtedly, the legal profession is the major component of the justice delivery system and has a significant role to play in upholding the rule of law. Significance of the profession is on account of its role in providing access to justice and assisting the citizens in securing their fundamental and other rights.” (Para 21, Page 19)

Important Provisions of Law

Sr No.	Provision / Section of Law	What it Stands For	Context in the Case
1	Order 3 Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908	Governs the appointment and authority of pleaders.	The petitioner argued that his Vakalatnama should continue to be in force in view of this rule.
2	Section 35 of the Advocates Act, 1961	Deals with punishment of advocates for misconduct.	The case revolves around professional ethics and duties under this section.
3	Rule 20 of Part (VI), Chapter II, Section II of the Standard of Professional Conduct and Etiquette	Prohibits an advocate from making his fee contingent on the outcome of litigation.	The court emphasized this rule while making its observations.

Conclusion

The court concluded that an advocate legitimately entitled to his professional fees and expenses has other remedies to realize them. Court emphasized that Rule 20 of Part (VI), Chapter II, Section II of the Standard of Professional Conduct and Etiquette prohibits an advocate from making his fee contingent on the outcome of litigation. The court rejected the petitioner’s objection, thereby allowing the original claimants to engage a new advocate for the payment withdrawal process.